MARC 21 field 008
- 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION
(NR)
- 008--ALL MATERIALS
- 008--COMPUTER FILES
- 008--SERIALS
008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION (NR)
This field contains 40 character positions (00-39) that provide coded information
about the record as a whole and about special bibliographic aspects of the
item being cataloged. These coded data elements are potentially useful for
retrieval and data management purposes.
The data elements are positionally-defined. Character positions that are
not defined contain a blank (#). All defined character positions must contain
a defined code; for some field 008 positions, this may be the fill character
(|). The fill character may be used (in certain character positions) when
a cataloging organization makes no attempt to code the character position.
The fill character is not allowed in field 008 positions 00-05 (Date entered
on file). Its use is discouraged in positions 07-10 (Date 1), 15-17 (Place
of publication, production, or execution), and the 008 position defined
for Form of item (either position 23 or 29 depending upon the 008 configuration).
Character positions 00-17 and 35-39 are defined the same across all types
of material, with special consideration for position 06. The definition
of character positions 18-34 was done independently for each type of material,
although certain date elements are defined the same in the specifications
for more than one type of material. When similar data elements are defined
for inclusion in field 008 for different types of material, they occupy
the same field 008 character positions.
In the following documentation, character positions are described in the
order of their listing at the beginning of this section. Field 008 positions
00-17 and 35-39 for all types of material are described first, followed
by seven groups of sections for positions 18-34, each relating to one of
the seven types of material described in the Introduction.
008--ALL MATERIALS
Character Positions
- 00-05 - Date entered on file
The computer-generated, six-character numeric string that indicates
the date the MARC record was created. The date is recorded in the pattern
yymmdd.
- 06 - Type of date/Publication status
A one-character code that indicates that categorizes the type of dates
given in 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2). For serially-issued
items, the code in 008/06 also indicates the publication status.
The choice of code for 008/06 is made concurrently with a determination
of the appropriate dates for 008/07-14. For most records data is derived
from information in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)),
field 362 (Dates of Publication and/or Volume Designation), or from
note fields.
- b - No dates given; B.C. date involved
Each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contains
a blank (#).
- c - Serial item currently published
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain
9999.
- d - Serial item ceased publication
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain
the ending date of publication.
- e - Detailed date
008/07-10 contain the year and 008/11-14 contain the month and day,
recorded in the pattern mmdd.
- i - Inclusive dates of collection
- k - Range of years of bulk of collection
- m - Multiple dates
008/07-10 usually contain the beginning date and 008/11-14 the ending
date.
- n - Dates unknown
Each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contains
a blank (#).
- p - Date of distribution/release/issue and production/recording
session when different
- q - Questionable date
008/07-10 contain the earliest possible date; 008/11-14 contain
the latest possible date.
- r - Reprint/reissue date and original date
008/07-10 contain the date of reproduction or reissue; 008/11-14
contain the date of the original, if known; 008/11-14 contain code
u ("uuuu"), if unknown.
- s - Single known date/probable date
008/07-10 contain the date; 008/11-14 contain blanks (####).
- t - Publication date and copyright date
- u - Serial status unknown
008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain
code u ("uuuu").
- | - No attempt to code
- 07-10 - Date 1
The determination of dates for 008/07-10 is made concurrently with the
choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication status). The use
of fill characters in 008/07-10, although possible, is discouraged since
the data in Date 1 is used for retrieval and duplicate detection in
many systems. When fill is used in 008/07-10, all four positions must
contain the fill character.
- # - Date element is not applicable
- u - Date element is totally or partially unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 11-14 - Date 2
The determination of dates for 008/11-14 is made concurrently with the
choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication status). When fill
is used in 008/11-14, all four positions must contain the fill character.
- # - Date element is not applicable
- u - Date element is totally or partially unknown
- | - No attempt to code
- 15-17 - Place of publication, production, or execution
A two- or three-character MARC code that indicates the place of publication,
production, or execution. The place code is an authoritative-agency
data element. The source of the code is MARC
Code List for Countries that is maintained by the Library of
Congress. Choice of a MARC code is generally related to information
in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)). The code recorded
in 008/15-17 is used in conjunction with field 044 (Country of Producer
Code) when more than one code is appropriate to an item. The first code
in subfield $a of field 044 is recorded in 008/15-17. Three fill characters
(|||) may be used in place of a valid code, but their use in 008/15-17
is discouraged. The data in this field 008 data element is used for
retrieval and duplicate detection in many systems. When fill is used
in 008/15-17, all three positions must contain the fill character.
- 35-37 - Language
A three-character MARC code that indicates the language of the item.
The source of the code is MARC
Code List for Languages that is maintained by the Library of
Congress. Choice of a MARC code is based on the predominant language
of the item. Three fill characters (|||) may also be used if no attempt
is made to code 008/35-37.
- 38 - Modified record
A one-character code that indicates whether any data in a bibliographic
record is a modification of information that appeared on the item being
cataloged or that was intended to be included in the MARC record. Codes
are assigned a priority (recorded in the order of the following list)
that determines which code is input when more than one code applies
to the item.
- # - Not modified
- d - Dashed-on information omitted
- o - Completely romanized/printed cards romanized
- r - Completely romanized/printed cards in script
- s - Shortened
Some of the data has been omitted because the record would have
exceeded the maximum length allowed by a particular system.
- x - Missing characters
Characters that could not be converted into machine-readable form
due to character set limitations are missing from the record.
- | - No attempt to code
- 39 - Cataloging source
A one-character code that indicates the creator of the original cataloging
record. The NUC symbol or the name of the organization may be contained
in subfield $a of field 040 (Cataloging Source).
- # - National bibliographic agency
- c - Cooperative cataloging program
The creator of the bibliographic data is a participant (other than
a national bibliographic agency) in a cooperative cataloging program.
- d - Other
- u - Unknown
An organization has transcribed a manual bibliographic record from
an unknown source.
- | - No attempt to code
008--COMPUTER FILES
Character Positions
- 18-21 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 20-21 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or a fill character ( | )
- 22 - Target audience
A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the item
(primarily educational computer file material) is intended.
- # - Unknown or not specified
- a - Preschool
- b - Primary
Kindergarten through the third grade.
- c - Elementary and junior high
- d - Secondary (senior high)
- e - Adult
- f - Specialized
- g - General
- j - Juvenile
- | - No attempt to code
- 23-25 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 26 - Type of computer file
A one-character code that indicates the type of computer file described
in the bibliographic record.
- a - Numeric data
- b - Computer program
- c - Representational
Pictorial or graphic information that can be manipulated in conjunction
with other types of files to produce graphic patterns that can be
used to interpret and give meaning to the information.
- d - Document
- e - Bibliographic data
- f - Font
- g - Game
- h - Sound
- i - Interactive multimedia
- j - Online system or service
- m - Combination
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 27 - Undefined
Contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the computer file is published
or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional
level of the agency.
- # - Not a government publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29-34 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
008--SERIALS
Character Positions
- 18 - Frequency
A one-character code that indicates the frequency of the serial; used
in conjunction with 008/19 (Regularity).
- # - No determinable frequency
Frequency is intentionally irregular.
- a - Annual
- b - Bimonthly
Includes 6, 7, or 8 numbers a year.
- c - Semiweekly
- d - Daily
- e - Biweekly
- f - Semiannual
Includes 2 numbers a year.
- g - Biennial
- h - Triennial
- i - Three times a week
- j - Three times a month
- m - Monthly
Includes 9, 10, 11, or 12 numbers a year.
- q - Quarterly
Includes 4 numbers a year.
- s - Semimonthly
- t - Three times a year
- u - Unknown
- w - Weekly
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 19 - Regularity
A one-character code that indicates the intended regularity of the serial;
used in conjunction with 008/18 (Frequency).
- n - Normalized irregular
Predictable irregularity pattern.
- r - Regular
- u - Unknown
- x - Completely irregular
The frequency is known to be intentionally irregular (008/18, code
#) or the frequency is expressed on the item as numbers per year.
- | - No attempt to code
- 20 - ISSN center
A one-character code that indicates the ISSN center responsible for
assigning and maintaining certain data in the bibliographic record.
- # - No ISSN center code assigned
Used by U.S. organizations other than CONSER participants and the
National Serials Data Program (NSDP).
- 0 - International Center
The ISSN center is in Paris, France.
- 1 - United States
The United States National Serials Data Program.
- 4 - Canada
The ISDS/Canada center.
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 21 - Type of serial
A one-character code that indicates the type of serial.
- # - None of the following
This code is also used for yearbooks and annual reports.
- m - Monographic series
- n - Newspaper
- p - Periodical
- | - No attempt to code
- 22 - Form of original item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material in which the
serial was originally published.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- e - Newspaper format
- f - Braille
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 23 - Form of item
A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the serial.
- # - None of the following
- a - Microfilm
- b - Microfiche
- c - Microopaque
- d - Large print
- f - Braille
- r - Regular print reproduction
Eye-readable print.
- s - Electronic
- | - No attempt to code
- 24 - Nature of entire work
A one-character code that indicates the nature of the serial if it consists
entirely of a certain type of material. If more than one code is applicable,
008/24 contains a # and up to three codes may be recorded in 008/25-27
(Nature of contents).
- # - No specified nature of entire work
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item consists of abstracts or summaries of other publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- h - Biography
- i - Indexes
The item consists of an index to bibliographical material other
than itself.
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item consists of full or partial texts of enactments of legislative
bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or
administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified
as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic
certification or degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has
been published about a subject.
- o - Reviews
The item consists of critical reviews of published or performed
works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between
two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship,
grant rights, etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 25-27 - Nature of contents
Up to three one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that
indicate that the serial contains certain types of materials. If fewer
than three codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each
unused position contains a blank (#).
- # - No specified nature of contents
- a - Abstracts/summaries
The item consists of abstracts or summaries of other publications.
- b - Bibliographies
- c - Catalogs
- d - Dictionaries
This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
- e - Encyclopedias
- f - Handbooks
- g - Legal articles
- h - Biography
- i - Indexes
The item consists of an index to bibliographical material other
than itself.
- k - Discographies
- l - Legislation
The item consists of full or partial texts of enactments of legislative
bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or
administrative agencies.
- m - Theses
Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified
as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic
certification or degree.
- n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has
been published about a subject
- o - Reviews
The item consists of critical reviews of published or performed
works.
- p - Programmed texts
- q - Filmographies
- r - Directories
- s - Statistics
- t - Technical reports
- v - Legal cases and case notes
- w - Law reports and digests
- z - Treaties
Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between
two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship,
grant rights, etc.
- | - No attempt to code
- 28 - Government publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the serial is published
or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional
level of the agency.
- # - Not a government publication
- a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
- c - Multilocal
- f - Federal/national
- i - International intergovernmental
- l - Local
- m - Multistate
- o - Government publication--level undetermined
- s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
- u - Unknown if item is government publication
- z - Other
- | - No attempt to code
- 29 - Conference publication
A one-character code that indicates whether the serial consists of the
proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference.
- 0 - Not a conference publication
- 1 - Conference publication
- | - No attempt to code
- 30-32 - Undefined
Each contains a blank (#) or fill character (|)
- 33 - Original alphabet or script of title
A one-character code that indicates the original alphabet or script
of the language of the title on the source item upon which the key title
(field 222) is based.
- # - No alphabet or script given/no key title
This code may relate to the title proper in field 245 when no key
title is present.
- a - Basic roman
Includes no diacritics or special characters.
- b - Extended roman
Includes diacritics and special characters.
- c - Cyrillic
- d - Japanese
- e - Chinese
- f - Arabic
- g - Greek
- h - Hebrew
- i - Thai
- j - Devanagari
- k - Korean
- l - Tamil
- u - Unknown
- z - Other
Includes instances of a title that incorporates words from more
than one alphabet or script.
- | - No attempt to code
- 34 - Successive/latest entry
A one-character code that indicates whether the serial was cataloged
according to successive entry or latest entry cataloging conventions.
- 0 - Successive entry
A new bibliographic record is created each time a title changes
or a corporate body used as a main entry or uniform title qualifier
changes. The earlier or later title or author/title is recorded
in a linking 780/785 field in each record.
- 1 - Latest entry
The serial is cataloged under its most recent title or issuing body
(pre-AACR cataloging rules). All former titles and/or issuing bodies
are given in notes (fields 247, 547, and 550).
- | - No attempt to code
|
serials@northwestern.edu